Important topics and their relevance in UPSC CSE exam for February 6, 2024. If you missed the February 5, 2024 UPSC CSE exam key from the Indian Express, read it here

FRONT PAGE

SC: Murder of democracy, prosecute returning officer

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

Main Examination: General Studies II: Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-COMING DOWN heavily on the conduct of the returning officer during the Chandigarh mayoral polls on January 30, the Supreme Court said Monday that what happened during the election was “mockery of democracy” and underlined that “we will not allow democracy to be murdered like this”.

• Who is Anil Masih?

• Why Supreme Court criticised Anil Masih?

• What was the role of Anil Masih in Chandigarh mayoral polls?

• Why have Chandigarh mayor polls been in the news the past few years?

• Returning Officer-What you know about the same?

• What is the role of Returning Officer?

• Who appoints Returning Officer in district?

• Anil Masih as a Returning Officer did what?

• ‘The importance of returning officer in an election process’-discuss

• Which process is adopted in election of mayor?

• How is the mayor of a city corporation elected?

• What is the difference between mayor and municipal commissioner?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

????Masih as ‘BJP messiah’: Meet presiding officer at centre of Chandigarh mayoral tussle

????Decode Politics: Why with Chandigarh mayor win, BJP deals INDIA another blow

EXPRESS NETWORK

Shinde govt to seek 283 acres from Centre for Dharavi revamp project

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

Main Examination: General Studies I: Poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story- The state cabinet has given its nod for a proposal to seek 283 acres of Mumbai’s salt pan land from the Union government for the Dharavi Redevelopment Project. The salt pan land, owned by the Centre, is spread out between Kanjurmarg, Wadala and Bhandup.

• What is the Dharavi redevelopment project?

• When was Dharavi Redevelopment first proposed?

• Special purpose vehicle for Dharavi-what is that?

• For Your Information-In 1999, the BJP-Sena government first proposed to redevelop Dharavi. Thereafter, the government of Maharashtra in the year 2003-04 decided to redevelop Dharavi as an integrated planned township. An action plan for redevelopment was approved by issuing a government resolution.

It was decided to develop Dharavi by using land as a resource to cross-subsidie the cost of development through a sale component on the basis of the Slum Rehabilitation Scheme, by dividing it into sectors and appointing developers for the same. The government also decided to notify the whole of Dharavi as an undeveloped area and to appoint a Special Planning Authority for its development.

In 2011, the government cancelled all tenders and drew up a master plan. In 2018, the BJP-Sena government formed a Special purpose vehicle for Dharavi and notified it for the redevelopment project. Later, global tenders were invited. The project got an impetus in 2016, when the Detailed Project Report was prepared during the Devendra Fadnavis-led BJP-Shiv Sena government. In November 2018, the then Fadnavis government approved a new model for the slum’s redevelopment. Although Dubai-based infrastructure firm Seclink Technologies Corporation turned out to be a successful bidder in January 2019 against Adani, the tender was not awarded following the decision to include Railway land in the redevelopment project.

In October 2020, the Uddhav Thackrey-led Maharshtra Vikas Aghadi government cancelled the tender and said new tenders would be floated soon. The MVA government had alleged that one of the reasons for calling off the tender was the delay by the Centre in transferring the railway land, which was vital for the project.

• What challenges Dharavi is facing today?

• Where is Dharavi?

• What is so unique about Dharavi?

• When was the project first proposed?

• What is slum redevelopment?

• What is situ slum redevelopment in Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)?

• ‘Dharavi redevelopment project is an extremely brownfield project’- What is brownfield project?

• What will be the timeframe for completing the project?

• Will Dharavi redevelopment make Mumbai slum-free?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

????What is the Dharavi redevelopment project, in the work for 18 years, now set for fresh take-off?

THE EDITORIAL PAGE

Demography and destiny

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development

Mains Examination: General Studies I: Population and associated issues

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-Sonalde Desai Writes: In her speech, while presenting the 2024 budget, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman promised a committee to study India’s population growth to ensure that the nation is on target to meet the Viksit Bharat goal by 2047. Coming nearly 50 years after the brutal implementation of the population control programme in 1976, I hope this move reflects a shift in public discourse regarding the course of India’s demographic transformation.

• What exactly Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in her budget speech said?

• “India is and will remain the world’s most populous nation for the foreseeable future”-Comment

• How Population data provide critical information for use in development planning?

• What are the factors influencing the population growth?

• Most countries have population policies and programmes to influence fertility levels. What are the policies and programmes in India to influence fertility levels?

• What is Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?

• What does Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.0 mean?

• What is Replacement Fertility Rate?

• How is the Total Fertility Rate calculated?

• What is the difference between birth rate and Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?

• Does an increase in births mean that TFR will go up?

• What is demographic dividend?

• What is the significance of India overtaking China?

• What pattern of population distribution is India?

• What are the policy implications arising out of these two trends?

• How reliable is the UN projection, and how do they compare with India’s Census?

• Family Planning in India-Issues and Challenges

• Population growth brings what sort of challenges for Indian public policy?

• Do you think that massive growth in population in India is blessing in disguise?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

????Behind population numbers

EXPLAINED

What’s in Bill to stop cheating in job exams

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance

Main Examination: General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-The Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2024, was introduced in Lok Sabha on Monday (February 5), and passed on February 6. The Bill aims to prevent “unfair means” in order to “bring greater transparency, fairness and credibility to the public examinations system”.

• Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2024-Know key highlights

• Do You Know-The Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2024, introduced by Union Minister of State for Personnel Jitendra Singh, mentions “leakage of question paper or answer key”, “directly or indirectly assisting the candidate in any manner unauthorisedly in the public examination” and “tampering with the computer network or a computer resource or a computer system” as offences done by a person, group of persons or institutions.

Besides these, “creation of fake website to cheat or for monetary gain”, “conduct of fake examination, issuance of fake admit cards or offer letters to cheat or for monetary gain” and “manipulation in seating arrangements, allocation of dates and shifts for the candidates to facilitate adopting unfair means in examinations” are also among the offences punishable under the proposed law. “Any person or persons resorting to unfair means and offences under this Act shall be punished with imprisonment for a term not less than three years but which may extend to five years and with fine up to ten lakh rupees,” reads the bill.

A service provider, engaged by the public examination authority for conduct of examinations, shall also be liable to be punished with imposition of a fine up to Rs 1 crore “and proportionate cost of examination shall also be recovered” from it, according to the bill’s provisions. Such service providers shall also be barred from being assigned with any responsibility for the conduct of any public examination for a period of four years, it says.

The bill defines service provider as any agency, organisation, body, association of persons, business entity, company, partnership or single proprietorship firm, including its associates, sub-contractors and provider of support of any computer resource or any material, by whatever name it may be called, “which is engaged by the public examination authority for conduct of public examination”.

The bill has provisions to identify and effectively deal with organised gangs, mafia elements and those indulging in malpractices. It will not even spare government officials found in collusion with them. The bill makes “threatening the life, liberty or wrongfully restraining persons associated with the public examination authority or the service provider or any authorised agency of the government; or obstructing the conduct of a public examination” as a punishable offence. No person or group of persons or institutions shall collude or conspire to facilitate indulgence in any such unfair means, the proposed law says.

The bill bars any person, who is not entrusted or engaged with the work pertaining to the public examination or its conduct or who is not a candidate, from entering the premises of the examination centre, with intent to disrupt the conduct of the test. “Malpractices in public examinations lead to delays and cancellation of examinations adversely impacting the prospects of millions of youth,” reads the statement of objects and reasons of the bill.

The objective of the bill is to bring greater transparency, fairness and credibility to the public examination systems and to reassure the youth that their sincere and genuine efforts will be fairly rewarded and their future is safe, it said. “The bill is aimed at effectively and legally deterring persons, organised groups or institutions that indulge in various unfair means and adversely impact the public examination systems for monetary or wrongful gains.

A candidate, which means a person who has been granted permission by the public examination authority to appear in public examination and includes a person authorised to act as a scribe on his behalf in the public examination, shall not be liable for action under the proposed legislation.

The bill shall serve as a model draft for states to adopt at their discretion. “This would aid states in preventing the criminal elements from disrupting conduct of their state level public examinations,” the objects and reasons of the proposed law states. An officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police or Assistant Commissioner of Police shall investigate any offence mentioned in the proposed Act, it says.

The bill covers recruitment examinations conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), Staff Selection Commission (SSC), Railway Recruitment Boards (RRBs), Institute of Banking Personnel Selection (IBPS) and National Testing Agency (NTA) among others. Ministries or departments of the central government and their attached and subordinate offices for recruitment of staff and any “authority as may be notified by the central government” for conduct of government job recruitment are under the ambit of the proposed legislation.

• What is meant by the use of “unfair means” in an examination?

• For Your Information-Section 3 of the Bill lists at least 15 actions that amount to using unfair means in public examinations “for monetary or wrongful gain”. These acts include: “leakage of question paper or answer key or part thereof” and colluding in such leakage; “accessing or taking possession of question paper or an Optical Mark Recognition response sheet without authority”; “tampering with answer sheets including Optical Mark Recognition response sheets”; “providing solution to one or more questions by any unauthorised person during a public examination”, and “directly or indirectly assisting the candidate” in a public examination.

The section also lists “tampering with any document necessary for short-listing of candidates or finalising the merit or rank of a candidate”; “tampering with the computer network or a computer resource or a computer system”; “creation of fake website” and “conduct of fake examination, issuance of fake admit cards or offer letters to cheat or for monetary gain” as illegal acts.

• Which exams are “public examinations” as defined in the Bill?

• What are the punishments under the Public Examinations (Prevention Of Unfair Means) Bill?

• Why has the government brought this Bill?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

????Govt to introduce Bill to curb unfair means in exams in Lok Sabha today

Snow leopard count: why this Himalayan feat is the first step in securing the cat

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change – that do not require subject specialization.

Mains Examination: General Studies III: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-The Snow Leopard Population Assessment in India (SPAI) has estimated a population of 718 in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. Carried out between 2019 and 2023, this study is a major leap in our understanding of the keystone species.

• What is the population of snow leopards in India?

• Where are snow leopards found?

• The challenges in counting snow leopards-know in brief

• For Your Information-The first and foremost on the list of obstacles is the unforgiving terrain snow leopards occupy. While the cold deserts of Ladakh and Spiti are their strongholds, snow leopards range all along the higher Himalayas above the tree line between the altitude of 10,500 to 17,000 feet. Much of this habitat is not accessible by motorable roads and its rarefied air makes even routine fieldwork, such as locating suitable sites for placing camera traps, a test of endurance.

Analysing photos camera-trapped in the field poses the next challenge. Specialised software can identify unique individuals by comparing stripes or rosettes on both flanks from a pool of photographs. But unlike tigers, zebras or even leopards, snow leopards do not yield to artificial intelligence.

For long, researchers have grappled with the issue of misidentifying individual snow leopards “as their spot patterns may not be easily recognised when their thick fur gets ruffled or when their body is photographed at different angles.” To overcome this challenge, a global consensus of researchers recommended manual evaluation using at least three marking patterns to differentiate between individuals, and employing multiple independent analysts for identification.

The head and tail of a snow leopard provide the best reference points for identification. Some researchers have tried to position cameras strategically to capture the forehead region of snow leopards, as was done in Ladakh during the present SPAI exercise. But that requires multiple camera traps at each location and can stretch resources.

Given the methodological intricacies associated with precisely estimating snow leopard populations owing to their cryptic behaviour and the expansive, rugged nature of their habitats, notes the SPAI report, the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) partnered with two NGOs — Nature Conservation Foundation and WWF-India — to prepare India’s snow leopard estimation protocol in 2019. The groundwork was carried out in the next three years. In all, photographs collected from 1,971 camera trap locations led to the identification of 241 unique individuals which was extrapolated to an estimated population of 718 snow leopards in India.

• What is the snow leopard project in India?

• Where was the project snow leopard launched in India?

• Mark on Map-Presence Snow leopard in India (States)

• What is Global Snow Leopard & Ecosystem Protection Program?

• Is India a part of Global Snow Leopard & Ecosystem Protection Program?

• What is the IUCN status of Snow Leopard?

• Do You Know-In the 1980s, a guesstimate of a global population of 4,000–7,500 snow leopards cited 400–700 individuals in India. In the 1990s, another guesstimate put 200-600 snow leopards in India out of a global count of 3,020-5,390. In 2016, India’s leading snow leopard researchers came together to put the national estimate at 516 (238-1039). The present count of 718 (594-825) is consistent with the trend and suggests overall population stability. Yet, this is just the beginning of understanding the elusive species, its dispersal and competitive land use patterns and mortality trends at a landscape level.

Infrastructure development, particularly highways and hydropower projects, is causing a rapid influx of labourer camps in the higher Himalayas who often depend on scarce natural resources for fuel and food. Such migrations, along with a boom in tourism in snow leopard areas, have also led to garbage mismanagement which, in turn, is fuelling an explosion in the free-ranging dog population that competes with snow leopards. While climate change is likely to determine the snow leopard’s fate in the long term, mitigating the impact of such rapid demographic changes on the species is essential to secure its immediate future.

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

????Explained: Why India and world are counting snow leopards, and how

FIVE KEY TAKE AWAYS FROM THE 2021-22 HIGHER EDUCATION SURVEY

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.

Main Examination: General Studies II: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story- The report of the All India Survey of Higher Education (AISHE) 2021–22, made public on January 25, found that 4.33 crore students are currently enrolled in a higher educational institute — up from 4.14 crore in 2020-21, and 3.42 crore in 2014-15. The survey captures total student enrolment in eight different levels: undergraduate, postgraduate, PhD, MPhil, diploma, PG diploma, certificate, and integrated programmes. In all, 10,576 standalone institutions, 42,825 colleges, and 1,162 universities/university level institutions responded to the survey.

• What is the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE)?

• Who recently released All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE)?

• Recent All India Survey of Higher Education (AISHE)-What are the key takeaways?

• What is gross Enrolment ratio?

• Do You Know-Gross Enrolment Ratio indicates how many students are part of the higher education system in a given population. The estimated GER for the age group 18-23 years in India is 28.4, the AISHE 2021-22 report said (based on population data from the 2011 census). In terms of state-wise data, Chandigarh, at 64.8%, boasts of the highest GER, followed by Puducherry at 61.5%, Delhi at 49%, and Tamil Nadu at 47%.

Another indicator called the Gender Parity Index (GPI) shows the ratio of the female GER to male GER. A GPI of 1 indicates parity between the two genders; any number between 0 and 1 shows a disparity in favour of males, whereas a GPI greater than 1 indicates a disparity in favour of females. The survey observed that in 26 states and Union Territories, the GER is in favour of women. At the all-India level, GPI is 1.01, and for SC and ST categories, the GPI is 1.01 and 0.98 respectively.

• What are the main problems facing India’s higher education system right now?

• Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) and All India Survey of Higher Education (AISHE)-Compare

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

????Higher education survey: PhD enrolments in state up by over 8,500 in last 5 years, says study

Controversy over two age-old Assamese traditions, now with Gauhati HC

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.

Main Examination: General Studies I: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-The Assam government’s attempt to revive traditional practices of buffalo and bulbul (songbird) fighting during Magh Bihu has come up against a legal challenge by People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) in the Gauhati High Court, which admitted petitions by PETA India seeking a ban on both.

• “Moh-Juj”-What is this tradition all about?

• Why were the fights discontinued?

• What is behind the Assam government’s move to revive the tradition?

• What is PETA’s challenge?

• Who are the people for ethical treatment of animals?

• Do You Know-These fights are part of the folk culture associated with the Assamese winter harvest festival of Magh Bihu, which takes place in January, at the same time as harvest festivals in other parts of the country such as Makar Sankranti, Pongal and Lohri.

Buffalo fights are held in different parts of Assam during Magh Bihu, with Ahatguri in Nagaon district being the biggest centre. There, the fights been conducted for many decades by the Ahatguri Anchalik Moh-jooj aru Bhogali Utsav Udjapan Samiti, drawing huge crowds. Bulbul fights, on the other hand, are an attraction at the Hayagriv Madhab Mandir in Hajo, around 30 km from Gauhati. Participants rear birds for around two weeks before Bihu, before they are made to fight until one emerges stronger.

“While the buffalo fights are folk culture and tradition, this is tied to religion. Before starting, we light saki (lamps) in Lord Vishnu’s name and lay xorai (offering trays)… The practice is very old, we cannot really say when it started. But it was held with great pomp by the Ahom rulers,” Shiba Prasad Sarma, doloi (administrator) of the temple, told The Indian Express.

The fights had been stopped on the heels of the Supreme Court’s 2014 judgement, which forbid the use of bulls as performing animals in jallikattu events and bullock-cart races in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra or anywhere else in the country. The Court also directed the Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) to ensure that “the person-incharge or care of the animal shall not incite any animal to fight against a human being or another animal.” In January 2015, the AWBI wrote to the Assam government seeking an end to animal and bird fights during Bihu celebrations, following which the government directed district administrations to prevent them.

This was not without resistance. Buffalo fights continued to be held in some quarters in defiance of the prohibition, and the management of the Hayagriv Madhab Temple challenged the order in the Gauhati High Court. The Supreme Court May last year overruled its 2014 judgement, upholding amendments made by Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Karnataka governments to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 to allow jallikattu, kambala and bullock cart racing. Subsequently, in December, the Assam Cabinet gave a go-ahead for the framing of SOPs for the conduct of buffalo and bulbul fights without “deliberate torture or cruelty” to the animals.

The SOPs which were subsequently released specified that the fights will only be permitted in places where they have been “traditionally conducted” for the last 25 years, and that moh juj (buffalo fights) will only be allowed between January 15 and January 25. The moh juj guidelines prohibit human inflicted injuries, and ban the use of intoxicating or performance enhancing drugs, as well as sharp instruments to instigate the animals. The bulbul fight SOPs require the organisers to ensure that the birds are released in the open “in perfect condition” at the end of the game. The SOPs state that any organization violating the stipulations will face a ban for the next five years.

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

????In Assam, a debate over banning bulbul fights

ECONOMY

Manufacturing saw more employment, profits despite Covid pandemic blows

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development

Mains Examination: General Studies III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-The Covid-19 pandemic affected the number of factories and fixed investments in the organised manufacturing sector in the country but profits and invested capital recorded an increase, Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for 2020-21 and 2021-22 released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) on Monday showed. Employment in the manufacturing sector took a hit during the lockdown-affected year of 2020-21, but then recovered in 2021-22 to levels higher than pre-pandemic.

• What exactly Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for 2020-21 and 2021-22 released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) says?

• What is the role of manufacturing sector in gross domestic product?

• Manufacturing sector and GDP-Connect the dots

• What do you understand by the Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

• How the Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is calculated?

• What is the difference between real GDP and nominal GDP?

• What is manufacturing sector?

• What are examples of manufacturing sector?

• What are other Economic sector?

• What are the Eight core sector industries in the Indian Economy?

• What is the weight/weightage of the different core sectors in the Index of Industrial Production?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

????India’s way forward: Services or manufacturing?

RBI MPC: Why repo rate may remain unchanged?

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

Mains Examination: General Studies III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-The Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) six-member Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), which is scheduled to meet from February 6 to 8, is likely to keep the repo rate – its key policy rate – unchanged for the sixth consecutive time at 6.5 per cent to meet the 4 per cent consumer price-based inflation (CPI) target. The committee is also likely to retain the monetary policy stance as ‘withdrawal of accommodation’.

• What is RBI expected to do in the upcoming monetary policy?

• Why is RBI likely to keep the repo rate unchanged?

• What about the monetary policy stance?

• What happens to lending rates if the repo rate is unchanged?

• What happens when RBI hikes repo rate?

• What happens when RBI decreases repo rate?

• What is repo rate?

• What is the Current Repo Rate?

• What is Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) Rate?

• How this move will impact overall Economy?

• What does accommodative stance mean with respect to monetary policy?

• What is Monetary Policy Framework?

• The latest monetary policy review was significant for a variety of reasons-Why?

• What are the steps taken by RBI to control inflation?

• What is Monetary policy?

• What is the primary objective of the monetary policy?

• There are two aspects to any monetary policy-What are they?

• The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is a Statutory Body-True or False?

• Under Section 45ZB of the amended (in 2016) RBI Act, 1934, the central government is empowered to constitute a six-member Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)- What is the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)?

• What is the composition of Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)?

• Try to Comprehend-In any economy, the main role of the central bank is to maintain price stability. In other words, the primary goal is to contain inflation. The inflation rate for any period (month, quarter or year) is the rate at which the general price level has gone up. If the overall price level — typically calculated by an index (such as the Consumer Price Index) that has the prices of different commodities — in a particular month is 5% more than what it was in the same month last year, then inflation rate is said to be 5%. The targeted level of inflation varies from one country to another. In the US, this target is 2%. In India, the law demands RBI to target 4%. But apart from the exact target, the law also provides a comfort zone — 2% to 6% — within which the inflation can stray. These numbers are decided based on research that suggests the ideal rate of inflation most conducive to sustained economic growth. since late 2019, the RBI has rarely come close to the target rate. Worse still, the headline inflation has stayed outside the upper limit for the better part of the past 14 months.

• The amended RBI Act, 1934 provides for the inflation target be set by the Government of India, in consultation with the Reserve Bank, once in every five years-What is inflation target?

• Know the Types of Inflation like Moderate Inflation, Galloping Inflation, Hyper-Inflation, Stagflation, Deflation, Core Inflation, Headline Inflation etc.

• What are the causes of Inflation in the present situation

• How Inflation is Measured in India?

• Impact of increase in the REPO and CRR on Money Supply on an Economy-Inflation or Deflation?

• Know about these terms-Bank Rate, Reverse Repo Rate, Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF), Marginal Standing Facility (MSF), Marginal cost of funds based lending rate (MCLR) etc.

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

????Rate hike paused: Two ways to read RBI’s latest monetary policy

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